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UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW
Office for Persons with Disabilities
ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw
phone: +48 22 55 24 222, +48 22 55 20 277, fax: +48 22 55 20 224, e-mail:bon@uw.edu.pl
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Computer Center :: Digital Book Library  :: University for all :: UW

 

Processing materials into 
an alternative form

General information

Making use of so-called forms alternative to ordinary print enables the blind and impaired in vision persons for access to printed books and publications. Alternative forms include the Braille script, using enlarged font - a so-called enlarged print, electronic documents stored  in an electronic form as computer files containing text, recording   publications in an audio version.
The Office for Persons with Disabilities provides the following services of this kind:

Recording of books / materials

For this service is responsible the Digital Book Library a unit of (belonging to the Office for Persons with Disabilities.
Recording of ordered materials  is performed by volunteers, and sound is stored in a digital system enabling a reader - contrary to audio tapes - to choose specified chapters, pages or notes. In order to listen back to books recorded in this standard a computer equipped with a sound card is indispensable. 
Requests for recordings should be filed in the  Digital Book Library. When a requested document is not accessible in the collection of the University Library, one should provide one's own item of the book. Time of waiting for a request to be fulfilled depends on a volume of an item and usually is about two weeks.

The Digital Book Library constitutes a part of the University Library, not only UW students and staff are eligible to make use of it. However, only the UW students and employees registered at the OPD, and having a vision disability can file requests for preparing in alternative forms materials still not present in the  collection of the Digital Book Library.

Preparation of materials in an electronic version
Electronic form of writing a book or other document as a text file enables a person with vision impairment access to text in two ways: 
  • a Braille printout,
  • reading from a computer using a speech synthesizer or a Braille monitora.

In order to receive books and other documents in a form of electronic text files, a publication must be copied out (manually - seldom used solution) or scanned with an ordinary scanner with a print recognition program. This way, images of consecutive pages are passed to a computer; then text contained in them is recognized and written into text files.

In order to use this service one should place an order with  the OPD Digital Library. In case when an ordered item does not come from the collection of the Warsaw University Library, one should provide a copy of a publication to the Digital Book Library. Waiting time depends mainly on a volume of an item and quality of print. Some items require many hours of proofreading.

Braille print
The Braille script, which some time ago still used to be the only form of script, allowing a blind person for independent reading and writing, is now used more rarely and is less popular. However, many blind persons still use it, and the Office for Persons with Disabilities have an equipment indispensable for preparation of high quality Braille printouts.
In order to prepare a Braille printout, one can use an electronic version of a document. If a person who makes an order possesses a material in this form, he or she should deliver  it to the OPD, or send via e-mail at an address: wydruki@cnin.uw.edu.pl. Preparation of materials delivered as black-print ones requires more time, because they should be scanned or manually copied out into a computer file. 

This service is addressed not only to the blind students, but also  academic teachers, who  in their groups have students using the Braille script.

Print with a changed font size 
Print  with a changed font size is a method allowing persons  impaired in vision reading necessary materials. The method comprises of using in printed materials a larger font - its size depends on an acuity of vision and an extend of a field of vision of such a person, as well as preserving necessary contrast between background and print. It is also important that used graphic solutions should not compromrise readiness and transparency of a document.
Because of wide accessibility of computers preparation of printouts suitable for the needs of  impaired in vision students  is possible for anybody, who has skills  in using text editors. An indispensable condition is to have a required document  in a form  of a computer file.

If a document has been created using standard text editors,  it is easy to achieve and enlargement. It is recommended to use fonts with simple typefaces, for example Arial, Tahoma or Verdana. It is assumed that at an text enlargement, an optimal font size is 16-18 pt. However, because of  individual differences and conditions, it is recommended to discuss a scale of enlargement with a person impaired in vision, for whom a given text  is dedicated. At the enlargement greater than 18 pt, single words occupy more and more space - often  in a row fit only 2-3 words - this may cause difficulties  in understanding a sense of a document as well as compromise orientation in a text. Use of a bold font, may increase legibility and clarity of a text.

Examples, presented below, illustrate a difference between a standard and enlarged print:

     

  • Standard print (Times New Roman, 11 pt):
  • Education should encompass a real life, and not an abstract science. (Nikolai Gogol)

  • Enlarged print (Tahoma, 18 pt):
  • Education should comprise of a real life, and not of abstract science. (Nikolai Gogol)

     

  • Enlarged print (Arial, 18 pkt, bold):
  • Education should comprise of a real life, and not of abstract science. (Nikolai Gogol)

 If a required material is not accessible  in a form  of a  computer file, sometimes for  its enlargement one can use a xerox-copier. However, it should be remembered will also mean use of an A3 format  of paper, work with such a document  is very uncomfortable. The Office for Persons with Disabilities is engaged in preparation of materials in enlarged print, with a changed font size - on request of impaired in vision students, as well as academic teachers who have such students in their groups.

At the Computer Center for Students with Disabilities, impaired in vision students may use a xerox-copier enabling them to create copies in enlargement. They can also read using enlargers. 

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©The Office for Persons with Disabilities, University of Warsaw 2007